Pharmacist from Gujarat

Green Chemistry -Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and/or generation of hazardous substances. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry - 1. Prevention of waste 2. Atom Economy 3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis 4. Designing Safer Chemicals 5. Safer solvents and auxiliaries 6. Energy efficient 7. Renewable feedstocks 8. Reduce derivatives 9. Catalysis 10. Design for degradation 11. Real time analysis for pollution prevention 12. Safety Pathways to Green Chemistry- Chemical Manufacturers • Create new ways to make desired materialsdifferent feedstocks, different pathways • Identify desired performance characteristics and create new materials Benefits of Using Biomass- • Renewable Feedstock • Contributes no net CO2 to the atmosphere • Conserves fossil fuel leading to a secure domestic supply • Platform for making an array of chemical products from what is otherwise considered waste. Pathways to Green Chemistry- Non-Chemical Manu...

Evolution of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: In the process of industrialization, pharmaceuticals have been a favorite sector for policy makers in the developed as well in many developing countries, including India. This special policy preference has been due to the criticality of the pharmaceutical products for the health security of the populace as well as for developing strategic advantages in the knowledge‐based economy. However, not all developing countries succeeded in enhancing local capabilities in the sector. The growth of the pharmaceutical industry in the developing region is largely confined to a few countries like India, China, Singapore, Korea, Czech Republic, Brazil, and Argentina. Among these countries, most often the case of Indian pharmaceutical industry is projected as the most successful case of a developing country scaling up the indigenous capabilities The pharmaceutical production in India began in 1910s when private initiatives established Bengal Ch...

Introduction The basic objectives of Government’s Policy relating to the drugs and pharmaceutical sector were enumerated in the Drug Policy of 1986. However, the drug and pharmaceutical industry in the country today faces new challenges on account of liberalization of the Indian economy, the globalization of the world economy and on account of new obligations undertaken by India under the WTO Agreements. These challenges require a change in emphasis in the current pharmaceutical policy and the need for new initiatives beyond those enumerated in the Drug Policy 1986, as modified in 1994, so that policy inputs are directed more towards promoting accelerated growth of the pharmaceutical industry and towards making it more internationally competitive. The orientation of the objectives of the current policy has also become necessary on account of these issues:- a)The essentially of improving incentives for research and development in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, to enable the industr...

Jurisprudence: The study of fundamental principle is called jurisprudence. In General sense jurisprudence includes knowledge of law while in the technical sense. It is the science of the first principle of civil law. Forensic pharmacy: The word “forensic” is derived from the Latin term” forensic” meaning “forum” means “public place” or market place. Drug Enquiry Committee: The government of India pursuance to the resolution appointed a committee known as Drug Enquiry Committee with Col.Ramnatha.N.Chopra as its chairman in 1928. Recommendation of Chopra Committee: 1.A central law to control drug and pharmacy profession. 2.Setting up of testing laboratories in all states to control quality of production of drugs and pharmaceutical and a central laboratory to control the quality of imported drugs and also to act as expert a referee in case of sample sent by local government. 3.Appointment of advisory board to advice the government in making rules to carry out the objectives of the act. ...

It is pharmacological opposite effect of drug Agonist. Drug Antagonist are drugs that decrease the actions of another drug or endogenous ligand. Antagonists, however, have no intrinsic activity and, therefore, produce no effect by themselves. Although antagonists have no intrinsic activity, they are able to bind avidly to target receptors because they possess strong affinity. If both the antagonist and the agonist bind to the same site on the receptor, they are said to be "competitive." For example, the antihypertensive drug prazosin competes with the endogenous ligand, norepinephrine, at a1-adrenoceptors, decreasing vascular smooth muscle tone and reducing blood pressure.

The parenteral route introduces drugs directly across the body's barrier defenses into the systemic circulation or other vascular tissue. Parenteral administration is used for drugs that are poorly absorbed from the GI tract (for example heparin) and for agents that are unstable in the GI tract (for example, insulin). Intravenous (IV) : Injection is the most common parenteral route. For drugs that are not absorbed orally, such as the neuromuscular blocker atracurium, there is often no other choice. In IV administration, the drug avoids the GI tract and therefore, first-pass metabolism by the liver. Intravenous delivery permits a rapid effect and a maximal degree of control over the circulating levels of the drug. However, unlike drugs in the GI tract, those that are injected cannot be recalled by strategies such as emesis or by binding to activated charcoal. Intravenous injection may inadvertently introduce bacteria through contamination at the site of injection. IV injection may ...

The route of administration of drug is determined by the properties of the drug (e.g. water or lipid solubility,etc.) & by the therapeutic objectives (e.g. the desirability of a rapid onset of action or the need for long-term administration or restriction to a local site). There are two major routes of drug administration, enteral and parenteral. Enteral Routes of Drug Administration Enteral administration, or administering a drug by mouth, is the simplest and most common means of administering drugs. When the drug is given in the mouth, it may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue, facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. Oral: Giving a drug by mouth provides many advantages to the patient; oral drugs are easily self-administered and limit the number of systemic infections that could complicate treatment. Toxicities or overdose by the oral route may be overcome with antidotes such as activated charcoal. On the other hand, the pat...